Introduction/ Iranian Landscape: Tale-Telling Trees
Seyed-Amir
Mansouri
استادیار دانشکده معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2012
per
-
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
5
5
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1258_68ef7452c0844236415966520ddfcbf2.pdf
Persian beauty in Andalusian gardening; The impression of Persian gardening art on Andalusian gardens
Mehrdad
Soltani
Ph.D. candidate in Architecture, Faculty member of Zanjan University
author
text
article
2012
per
Andalusian gardening in the Islamic era owes its existence to Islamic and eastern prevailing attitudes and practices as well as Iranian gardens and Islamic architectural style. These gardens showcase the mutual interaction of eastern and western style countering natural, indigenous and climatic parameters in a way that they are known as a distinct and unique style. Following the travel programs to Spain, an opportunity of researching on garden and Islamic Andalusian gardens was quite pleasurable. Since the information about different aspects of this style of gardening is provided in written documents and also on the internet, this research is aimed to discuss different aspects of Andalusian gardening considering the approach of perception of personal space. The effective factors in the structure of Andalusian gardens includes a wide range of information considers the main structure and the whole geometry and the Andalusian garden spaces in a holistic view as well as geometric components and garden morphology on the other hand. The collected information will provide an overall view to the concept of structures and forms in the Andalusian gardening in the Islamic period. Although the result of this research in which the written documents are not used directly may include some drawbacks, it can provide different aspects of the art of space organization in Andalusian gardens and be used along other written documents for architects and designers. This paper aims to discuss the form and structures of Andalusian gardens and introduces the geometrical and structural factors of this type of gardening as a hypothesis and tries to prove them in the proceeding. This research claims that Andalusian gardens generally do not obey an orderly geometry, they are affected by their contexts; this contextual totality is formed by geometrical parts which have created compelete geometrical space. The significant factors of Andalusian gardens which make them unique among their peers are discussed in the following. This research refers to these factors as “ micro space structure ”. The garden space is a coherent combination of small and dependent spaces which are set in the larger integrated system while having their own charachteristic. Thus the whole structure of the garden is created through the combination of small and dependent parts which is in full adaption to the totality of the garden. These spaces include the court and their adjacent spaces which obey rectangular and geometrical rules. Although discussing the quiddity and the factors of micro space system formation was not the mail goal of the research, five hypotheses are discussed along describing the effective factors in Andalusian gardens
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
6
13
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1259_203b4beab4602eba21227cafd4bf747b.pdf
Landscaping in Sport Complex; Ecologically Based Planting Design at the 2012 London Olympics
James
Hitchmough,
Professor in department of landscape. University of Sheffield
author
Nigel
Dunnett
Professor in department of landscape, University of Sheffield
author
text
article
2012
per
The London Olympic park is, at 250ha, the largest new urban park in Britain since the C19th, and has road tested the most sustainable approaches possible to the design, not just of the infrastructure necessary to host an Olympic games, but also future urban green space, both in Britain and internationally. A Master plan for the project was originally developed by a project team headed by EDAW. From 2008 on, a revised landscape Master plan was developed by the project team of the North American based Hargreaves and Associates and British based LDA (Landscape Design Associates). Our involvement was based on the growing reputation of our work (research and practice) into how to design, construct and manage more sustainable forms of urban green space, and in particular green space vegetation, that is potentially rich and meaningful to urban citizens, but at the same time provides valuable habitat for native biodiversity. Our work is essentially unique, in that it combines a strong philosophical underpinning that deals with aesthetic theory and the nature of beauty with cutting edge ecological science to unpick and understand how communities of plants can be designed, successfully created and then managed sustainably into perpetuity. Our approach to landscape and vegetation design differs significantly from some currently fashionable approaches, such as for example, landscape urbanism, in that whilst we see much meaning and beauty in nature, we recognize that in urban environments in particular, it is necessary, for ordinary people to fully appreciate nature, to integrate cultural with ecological notions. Since the Olympic park was based on heavily contaminated post-industrial soil, that had to be extensively treated to remove-nullify organic and inorganic toxins, there was no conventional soil on site to use. Originally we had anticipated that the soil would be a mix of crushed building and composted green waste, to utilize the very large amounts of waste crushed building from site clearance. The Olympic park is comprised of a number of component parts of which the North Park and South Park are the two largest, and most distinctive. A critical factor in gaining planning permission for the London Olympics (in Britain, government projects are subject to the same planning permission process as are all other developments) was the principle of increasingly onsite native biodiversity. Much of this biodiversity based planting was located in the North Park. South park is the more cultural hub of the park and as such contains fewer areas of meadow and very large areas of concourse. There are however some areas of native wildflower meadow, plus large areas of annual wildflower meadows wrapping around the stadium, interspersed with close-planted clumps of birch trees to provide extraordinarily vivid experiences during the Games period. Olympic park combines dramatic topography with large areas of dramatic ecologically founded vegetation. We hope that the world`s media, visitors and television viewers will be as enthusiastic about it as the teams who have collaborated to bring this landscape into being.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
14
19
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1260_516641cf3770de3270fef912cf575e7f.pdf
Vienna Memorandum on "World Heritage and Contemporary Architecture – Managing the Historic Urban Landscape"
text
article
2012
per
The city development and growth around historic cities of many countries have been a major problem or the residents and city managers in the contemporary era. This rapid develpement can become a difficult challenge for city managers since it can be considered a threat to heritage values in case they are not controlled and managed properly. The 27th session of World Heritage Commitee in Viena, the emphasis on the issue of urban sprawl in contemporary era, will affect the landscape of historic cities for ever. In this contract management proposals for conservation of historic urban landscapes and solutions associated with modernization were offered. Therefore, regarding the rapid growth and development of cities especially around the historic and valuable core of the city, considering the proposed approaches of the conference is essential. This article is extracted from Vienna memorandum which is available on the website below: http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2005/whc05-15ga-inf7e.pd
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
20
23
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1261_dc179988a3ed654ca4b1a59a623d741a.pdf
Education based on discoverage; Looking for question to learn
Ayda
Alehashemi
Ph.D candidate in
Architcture,
University of Tehran.
author
text
article
2012
per
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
24
27
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1262_2d09269e43de21d36432daa64a020376.pdf
All "WH"s about journey to India
Mohammad Saleh
Shokouhi Bidhendi
Ph.D candidate in Urbanism.
author
Seyedeh Parvaneh
Ghazanfari
M.A in Landscape
Architecture.
author
text
article
2012
per
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
28
33
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1263_a3e2a29466a778be7b42f9a17f54f349.pdf
Ali akbar Nasrabadi: Inscription of Landscape on the Boughs
text
article
2012
per
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
34
35
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1264_ca2d5e5742dae6a790cfda804b119796.pdf
Landscape approach, a solution for future architecture; a review on Manuel Palerm’s landscape theories and approaches
Amir
Radaei
M.A. in architecture, Islamic Azad University of Hamedan.
author
Sara
Radaei
M.A. in landscape architecture,
University of Tehran.
author
text
article
2012
per
Juan Manuel Palerm Salazar is an architect and theorist who describes architecture beyond the constructional aspects and emphasizes on the landscape in the new complex world. He presents a new definition of space and also conceptual and physical dimensions and refers to it as a consequence of specific changes in the modern world whuch requires analysis tools and new conceptual frameworks. Alike his colleagues, He believes in new parameters beyond Euclidian and Cartesian ones and presents some cases. He has showcased his professional experience in different fields of architecture, urban planning and regional planning and has focused on landscape as a synthesis of separate measures, land conservation and land development. Since 1986 he has developed architecture, city planning and landscape projects in the Canary Islands and internationally in other countries. He declares that the social complexity of cultural and natural anthropology which is hidden in these islands encourages him to work and showcase his ideas in this region. Since 2006, cultural events such as biennials have been held by Palerm’s contribution. His focus on “cultural events” in these islands has resulted in different achievements from other theorists. The consequences of his studies are a simple look to landscape and how it can be defined as environment which surrounds us as well as a focus on culture. He seeks for missing bonds in architecture while declaring his new theories. The world is an increasingly noisy place, of growing contrasts, where it is more and more difficult for man to relate to nature. He seeks for silence to hear the world and perceive land developments in the chaos of modern world. He defines landscape as our surrounding environment and tries to relate his landscape and architectural projects to the modern world. He describes the complexity of landscape as a multifaceted reality that one can only conceive an aspect of it depending on his position. He does not try to accept or reject previous landscape theories and congregates them to a new condition of landscape which is our surrounding environment. He believes that beauty lies in understanding the concept of mind enjoyment as well as experiencing it. That is the reason of including harmony and rhythm in the category of effective ideas in landscape design. Instead of discussing the definition and quiddity of landscape which is not commented or discussed anymore in the modern world, he looks for tracks of culture on the Canary Islands to answer land developments and its potentials. Palerm seeks for the quiddity of landscape beyond the human relations, effective relations in landscape creation and the relationship of landscape and the surrounding environment. This research tries to introduce Palerm, his professional career and experience and his theories and researches in this field. His approaches in perception of landscape, silence, culture and cultural events and the correlation of human and landscape, aesthetic quiddity and finally the consequence of approaches and theories are discussed as well.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
36
43
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1265_20dba762bbaaefc2653717882ab5106f.pdf
Naturalistic renovate; Renovating nature approaches in Santa Cruz city
Zhila
Rajabi
M.A in Landscape Architecture
author
Sahar
Ardaneh
M.A. in Landscape Architecture, University
of Tehran.
author
text
article
2012
per
Human manipulation in his habitat with the goal of achieving a place has consequently caused some changes in the pristine nature. It is obvious that people are away from their environment in formation of their cities and the relation and connection of people and nature has dwindled in built environment. Due to the formation of this big gap which is caused by human, amplifying the existence of nature in urban spaces is quite essential in urban landscape. An appropriate relation of nature as a whole and city as a compartment must be provided in urban spaces. Juan Manuel Palerm, a Spanish landscape architect, profoundly considers nature an important factor in landscape design. He tries to recreate the lost nature within the cities by the use of designing landscape in the city structure. He declares that the concept of landscape can be introduced through researching its identity. He believes that creating public spaces by renovating the historic nature of the city will provide a readable and distinctive place within the city. He has been able to showcase his ideas of using nature to the city structure in Santos road and the Garcia Sanabria Park renovation. Santa Cruz de Tenerife has drawn Palerm’s attention due to its historic background and having a natural valley which can be considered a focal point in relating human and nature. In his projects of renovating Santa Cruz spaces, his approach of providing a correlation between the city and the nature which enables both to penetrate through each other’s boundaries is prevailing. Renovating the historic fabric of the city by creating public spaces where the city and nature are combined and the green infrastructure enables a sustainable city and promotes the environmental quality are his main ideas behind his projects. Considering the approach of nature penetration into the city, Palerm had a significant role in renovating the Santos road landscape. This road is an ecological boundary which enables the environmental, social and ecological sustainability in the city as well as promoting the life quality within the city by adding essential functionalities to improve the quality of recreational places. In this way the amount of environmental destruction is reduced and the augmentation of the sense of security gives an identity and authenticity to the city. In the project of Garcia Sanabria Park which was designed by the idea of city penetrating into the densely surrounded nature, he has created a place for daily activities of the citizens by designing walking, reading and recreational places as well as omitting the barriers which separates the parks from the city. He designs various paths (intersective and curved ones) in his parks, in this way he features different experiences of spaces for the visitors. Indeed, he uses the landscape as a tool to achieve the goals in creating social and cultural spaces.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
44
49
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1266_0cf6793887b1b531b2ae8e0ddca3636c.pdf
Mining Landscape, Death of an interaction? New approaches in dealing with Post-mining landscape
Sara
Golestani
M.A. in Landscape Architecture, University of Tehran.
author
Mona
Meschi
M.A. in Landscape Architecture, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2012
per
Human intervention in nature explains the reliance of human on earth and its evolution. Benefiting from earth by extracting from nature started since the existence of man on earth and this kind of natural extraction still continues. As a result so many natural landscapes have turned into mining, industrial landscapes and etc. In contrary to agricultural sites, the mining sites are not sustainable geographical and economical sites. They are used temporarily and eventually become useless sites like post – industrial sites. It seems that mining is the constant and sustainable feature of post mining landscapes. The question is how these post mining and post industrial sites turn into potential landscapes in urban planning and design? How can they be managed and benefited from? This paper tries to research significant opinions in planning, design and reuse of mining sites with a landscape design approach. Meanwhile, a Spanish landscape architect, Juan Manuel Palerm, who uses matrixes to design and plan post mining sites, is introduced. Palerm emphasizes on relations and not absolute landscapes. His focus is on multi dimentional interrelations: of landscape and human, of people and etc. he believes that this interrelation must be identified and nature is the best guide in this process. Therefore he has a holistic approach to mining and post mining sites. Palerm considers matrixes a tool for decoding the complexities of the whole system (the whole world or landscape). He also uses them as a methodological tool for reading and interpretin mining landscape in these landscapes. The relevance between the keywords provides the codes for reading guiding projects. Matrixes help in finding the history of a place and introducing its future by answering all the questions about the place. He mentions that his goals in designing mining projects such as the Tarantino project (located in Italy) is to create a sense of satisfaction for the visitors because they don’t want to see the mines abandoned. Therefore, he designs these sites to achieve beauty. He believes to aspects of the site should simultaneously be taken into consideration in designing: the natural status of the site and the artificial elements which are added later. Homogenous design of mining and post mining landscape based on the defined matrix can impede the disorders caused by indiscriminative mining and human interventions and consequently create ecological identity for the region.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
50
55
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1267_8729358cf2ccd7627ca5495263d8b7a3.pdf
Architectural space as Landscape; Renegotiating of the traditional space from concept of landscape
Juan Manuel
Palerm Salazar
PhD in Architecture, Professor of Architectural Design, School of Architecture of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
author
Nafiseh
Seyedeh
کارشناس ارشد معماری منظر، دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2012
per
The dilemma that we intend to reflect on the idea of space against the landscape is framed from the principles deriving from the artistic vanguards and modernism of the 20th century and their operational tools in the architectural project. From this perspective, the idea of space in architecture is presented as a paradigm and necessary argument of reflection, for which we propose a disjunction between the “concept of landscape” to the “idea of space” defined by the modern movement. A series of considerations concerning the concept of landscape, "Towards the landscape” as arguments and principles surrounding which arises the need to offer and to rethink a new sense of space as a landscape dimension. Review the idea of space from this point of view is determinant in the architecture and entails the need to rethink her, or better in the term Borgesian "Renegotiate her" through the concept of landscape as a mechanism able to articulate and propose a system of relations with the environment and the territory where the project of architecture and landscape acts as a device. Rethink the idea of space offering a new physical and conceptual dimension of the landscape itself according to our time. This search process required to renegotiate any code involving a brace of thought, action, obligation, or participation, and review, in turn, the concepts of representation of reality, paradigm of our convulsive, ephemeral and dynamic time. The territory and the city have come to become a copy of his representation of his maps and plans, including their imaginary. Their reality is in the cartographic representation as normative legal connection, thereby evading the presence of man. The landscape must be the result of the interaction between the coordination and social participation and the critical project. The relationship between systems of even heterogeneous elements among them, should be placed in sequence constitute a semantic unit. It is a fact that the landscape is changing in time, this is their main characteristics. The continual reinvention of landscapes is possible and necessary. The source or origins of our reinterpretation depend on our sensitivity to discover the working of the landscape colonizes or natural.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
56
59
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1268_728505b338dea88694570a4da59a330a.pdf
Manuel Palerm in other’s View/Reviving Territorial Landscapes: Palrem Approach in Reviving ravine of Santos
Yann
Nussaum
professor in lavillette ecole, Paris, Francen
author
text
article
2012
per
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
60
61
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1269_ab3927cc71af798aef82b966b3902e5d.pdf
MANZAR’s interview with Juan Manuel Palerm
text
article
2012
per
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
62
63
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1270_c397d73beaf0cf113e462c10c398789c.pdf
Neighborhoodism in Tehran: A Step toward the Humanistic City
Nasser
Barati
Ph.D in Urbanism
author
text
article
2012
per
-
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
66
66
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1241_8e7e1bc0c8b6aa558dc082c5159c492d.pdf
New Neighborhood; Urban Sociology Pattern from Neighborhood Development
Seyed Yaghoub
Mousavi
Assistant Professor of Social Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2012
per
Since the city growth has increased widely, human relationship have broadened to a great extent and identity is added to every human neighborhoods to organize human relations based on urban settlements, defining urban neighborhood is quite essential in organizing new cities. Recently, the neighborhood and its social environment, especially in social relations, have provided an appropriate basis for better urban renewal planning. Therefore, the current subject of urban neighborhoods has become a serious matter in urban contexts theoretically and scientifically as well. In this paper the “community” is referred to as a small unit in a city. The term community had been eliminated from the field of information society from 1960 to recent decades. Since then, this term had only been used in sciences that are related to social politics. There has emerged a growing interest among urban researchers in regenerating this concept and this realizable reality. A neighborhood is a social unit within the city where people of the same characteristics have come together. Economic position such as the type of job, general social conditions such as the level of benefiting from welfare services and the cultural and racial differences are among different features that makes every neighborhood distinctive from the other. In addition, the neighborhood residents can develop common goals due to the fact that they have common beliefs and cultures and live in the same environment. Urban neighborhoods are different in social organization, functions and resident actions. The latest urban designs and planning control that have transformed the natural mechanism of life indirectly are among the factors that have changed the structure of urban neighborhoods. The above changes had extensive effects on the formation of new perceptions, feelings and behavior in residents. According to urban planning and development process, city formation on the basis of new geographical planning or intervening spatial organization will lead to Physical restructuring of the modern cities in forms of separate and unrelated sectors in the city, while traditional neighborhoods have resulted from natural selection and the natural growth of inhabitants and households. Generally, urban neighborhoods are considered a fundamental matter in the past and present urban planning system in many metropolises of the world including our country. Studying the advent and development process of urban neighborhoods, one can conclude that the neighborhood selection in many large cities of the world is in relation with the available social and economic functions in these cities. This paper is a social critic of spatial and social structure of the cities and also discusses the reasons and how to develop new conceptual and analytical new neighborhoods.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
67
73
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1242_47b70d85c80f8ba8c8c6de3572a4b9cd.pdf
Sustainable City; The strategies of achieving sustainable neighborhood
Mehrdad
Karimi Moshaver
Associate Professor of architecture department, Bu Ali Sina University of Hamedan
author
Samad
Negin Taji
M.A. in Architecture
author
text
article
2012
per
There exist multiple dimensions of Sustainability that can be achieved differently based on its numerous methods. Achieving a sustainable neighborhood has also very complicated dimensions which cannot be described in a summarized paper. Designing and planning sustainable neighborhoods is highly related to special conditions of every neighborhood. Therefore taking these conditions into consideration and evaluating their potentials is the first step toward achieving a sustainable neighborhood. This paper tries to describe and discuss different standards of achieving sustainable neighborhood based on urban design experiences of other countries in traditional patterns, public transit-oriented patterns, lively neighborhood patterns, safe route patterns as well as smart growth principals. All of these patterns are discussed based on their special features and finally some of these strategies which are on top of all priorities in achieving sustainable neighborhoods in Tehran are described in different dimensions such as planning, people participation and controlling proceedings. The researches which are discussed in these paper showed that the most important planning strategies in achieving sustainable neighborhood are reducing private transportation and parking spaces in streets, preserving open spaces in neighborhoods, creating visual and identical signs in neighborhoods, extending pedestrian routes and green networks as well as building spaces and buildings that suits the neighborhood scale. The most significant strategy in public participation is forming a board and supervisory committee composed of neighborhood residents in supervising the planning and implementation of local projects. The most important controlling proceedings are providing check lists to assess and promote building and urban space qualities. Eventually, based on conducted surveys about helpful proceedings, Tehran city was selected as a case study. The common idea in all sustainable neighborhoods that must be taking into consideration for promoting Tehran urban spaces is providing pedestrian spaces in neighborhoods for easier access to service and welfare centers as well as public transportation stations. Moreover, creating green networks in pedestrian routes and reducing or controlling vehicles transportation and parking spaces in neighborhoods can result in great consequences in Tehran city.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
74
79
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1243_1de6e7c4210aa72bc2c21c2a398165fe.pdf
New Urbanism; A process to create sustainable urban communities
Emad
Ketabchi
M.A. in urban planning, Shiraz University
author
Khalil
Hajipoor
, Ph.D in urban planning, Assistant professor, Shiraz University
author
Mohammad
Hoseinpour
, Ph.D in urban planning, Assistant professor, Shiraz University
author
text
article
2012
per
Cities and their small units, communities, are like dynamic and alive organisms which are exposed to many changes. Thus different theories and opinions are proposed to lead these changes, so that the city and people will not face any problems at the present time nor in the future. In the recent decades, increasing growth of developmental planning, have resulted in economic, social and environmental problems. So in response to this crisis, new concepts and approaches have been formed for different parts of the city. Today sustainable development, as one of these approaches, is concerned with different parts of the society. In order to achieve the corresponding goals, we have to look for new solutions. Regarding to the considerations of the communities, neighborhoods and its people, starting the planning at this level in recent years, we have to select an appropriate approach for increasing the quality. In addition, it seems that in connection with the smaller units of the society, achieving the goals based on these principles is more objective and tangible. Meanwhile New Urbanism as a new approach in urban development considers a complete spectrum, from urban planning to urban design and architecture which was to answer the unsustainable communities. The importance of study and analysis of this pattern is due to its effects on planning in all levels and also considering economic, social and environmental matters. While the principles of new urbanism in urban and new developments, infill developments and especially in planning of urban communities and neighborhoods have a considerable importance. It seems these principles have a close connection with sustainability criteria. Today, new urbanists are somehow the leaders of postmodern urban planners and designers. They are looking for the enhancement of life quality and standards in cities and communities. The primary principles of this approach based on traditional principles of sustainable urbanism, refer to traditional community patterns for creating sustainable and efficient societies. This matter shows a comprehensive view in solving community problems. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical. Data Gathering is based on librarian methods that explain sustainability criteria and New Urbanism principles in communities and finally the comparison of these two approaches. We conclude that applying New Urbanism principles is a way to create sustainable communities, as all the criterions of sustainable communities and New Urbanism are entangled together and all the principles of New Urbanism show the concepts of sustainability.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
80
87
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1245_5669e07952cabb3abf2f5d92a9210bc6.pdf
Neighborhood and public transportation; Surveying the Efficiency of Public Transportation in Mada’en and Haft Hoze Neighborhoods
Ahmad
Pour Ahmad
Ph. D in Geography and urban planning, Head of Geography Faculty of Tehran University
author
Arezou
Haji Sharifi
MS in Geography and urban planning
author
Keivan
Kianfar
MS in Transportation
author
text
article
2012
per
Following the population growth, the demand for the travel would increase as well. Tehran city, the most populas city of Iran and one of the most populous cities in the world, faces a massive amount of travel demands. Lately, the city of Tehran encounters an explosive amount of personal vehicles which have led to lengthening of the roads and the creation of the new roads have eventually resulted in the longer and speedier commutes on cars. As a consequence the increase of private transportation and multiplication of cars in the city have caused more traffic and pollution. The public transportation is one of the best solutions in solve this problem. In this research, we intend to study the efficiency rate of the public transportation systems in two neighborhoods of Mada’en and Haft Hoze.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
4
v.
18
no.
2012
88
95
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_1246_666d39d89265ca21d329a5621823d6d6.pdf